Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an intricate, neurodevelopmental, that is responsible for communication, behavior, and social interaction. There are many ways to aware and scientific research shows that early diagnosis and intervention. This article outlines the best treatment options for ASD, with a focus on naturalistic teaching and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapies, shows the possibility of living an effective functional independent life. As well as, summarizes the red flags parents should monitor in infants before they reach 3 and 6 months of age.

Let’s talk about the detail’s autism spectrum disorder?

ASD is a developmental disorder that shows the symptoms in early childhood and effects a person’s skill to communicate and interact socially. The spectrum nature of autism means that the severity and range of symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals with autism may have significant intellectual disabilities, while others may have average or above-average intelligence but struggle with social interactions and communication.

Researchers do not have consensus on the exact cause of autism. However, research research notes a combination of 500 genes and environmental factors combined are responsible for ASD symptoms (Howlin, Magiati, & Charman, 2009). While autism is often diagnosed around the age of 2 or 3, early signs can sometimes be detected much earlier, which is why understanding red flags in infants is essential for timely intervention.

Best Treatment Options for Autism

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for autism, and the best approach depends on the individual's unique needs. However, several evidence-based therapies have proven effective in helping individuals with autism lead fulfilling lives.

• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

  ABA is a well-established and widely used therapy for autism. It focuses on improving specific behaviors, such as communication, social skills, and adaptive learning skills like toileting or dressing. ABA uses a systematic approach to reinforce desirable behaviors and reduce unwanted ones.

  One of the key strengths of ABA is its adaptability to the individual’s needs. Therapists can break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps, allowing individuals with autism to learn at their own pace. ABA has been extensively studied and is considered one of the most effective treatments for autism, particularly in young children.

• Peer based play Therapies at AGW

  AGW focuses on Pivotal response training, naturalistic teaching environment (NET) and the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) for teaching variety of skills to infants all the way to school age (Rogers & Dawson, 2010). During play, individuals learn social engagement skills, social engagement skills allow for the development of language. Furthermore, increase in functional language will allow for the development of executive functioning skills. Moreover, executive cognitive skills allow for higher levels of confidence, which overall lead to higher quality of life. The following therapies are designed to provide children with a functional skill which is inherently reinforced in society. Hence, based on the children’s skills and interest development and learning becomes possible (Rogers & Dawson, 2010)

  The team at Aurora Global wellness focuses on teaching the science of ABA and educating teachers, caregivers and parents who are in direct contact with the individual affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. Thus, research has shown that parent-delivered interventions have higher success in building skills, reducing parental stress and improving child outcomes (Estes et al., 2014).

  The instructors at AGW target pivotal response training which is a combination of responsivity to multiple cues, motivation to initiate and respond appropriately to social and environmental targets, mastery of emotions, including self-management and self-initiations.( Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Harrower, & Carter, 1999).

• Speech and Occupational Therapy (Suc)

  Individuals who lack communication skjlls benefit tremendously using the speech communication treatments. Functional communication, focuses on Improving communication skills, whether verbal or nonverbal. Furthermore, Occupational therapy helps individuals develop daily living skills, such as dressing, feeding, and sensory integration (hrheinrich, 2015).

• The importance of Social Skills Training

  Social skills deficits have been labeled as the most detrimental because it leads to isolation, depression and anxiety (Vanger, 1987). Social skills training is important for individuals with autism, as they often struggle with comprehending social cues , inferences, facial expressions and interacting with peers (Bellini, & Peters, 2008). At AGW Social skills groups are always inclusive. Meaning, the child with autism joins in with his /her typical peers to learn social norms. As a result of Maryam Pazhang MEd BCBA experience, when individuals with Autism respond better, are more motivated and navigate appropriate social behaviors during inclusion sessions in the natural environment. Thus, social skills are taught 100% in the community, such as, shopping malls, playgrounds, community centers, birthday parties, public library, seminars, events, play dates and etc.

• Medication

  At AGW we do not recommend any medication as this is beyond the scope of our practice. If the physician has advised medications, our team will meet with the family and the doctor to learn the specifics about medicine administration. Parents have reported that in addition to the science of applied behavior analysis, some medications can help manage symptoms like anxiety, depression, or hyperactivity. Overall, based on our experience, many parents prefer not to administer medications to their children as they often report negative side effects. Hence, at Aurora Global Wellness we focus on physical exercise during all sessions, we call it “movement breaks”, as much research has indicated that exercise leads to production of dopamine chemicals which produces happy hormones.

  On the other hand, some parents have,The question of whether autism can be cured is not relevant for AGW. We focus on skill building. At this point in time, doctors report there is no known cure for autism, and many experts believe that the goal should not be to "cure" autism but to support individuals with autism in leading fulfilling lives.

  Autism is a lifelong condition, but with early intervention and the right support, many individuals with autism can achieve significant improvements in their communication, social skills, and overall quality of life. Some children with autism may eventually no longer meet the criteria for an autism diagnosis, but this does not mean they have been "cured." Rather, it reflects their progress in overcoming challenges associated with the disorder.

  It is essential to recognize and respect the neurodiversity of individuals with autism. Many people with autism, particularly in the adult autistic community, advocate for acceptance and support rather than seeking a cure. The focus should be on helping individuals with autism develop their strengths, improve their weaknesses, and live independently and happily.

Early Red Flags of Autism: What to Watch for Before 3 and 6 Months

Early detection of autism can lead to more effective interventions and better long-term outcomes. While autism is typically diagnosed around the age of 2 or 3, there are certain signs that parents can look for in infants that may indicate the presence of autism.New parents, caregivers and daycare teachers should watch out for red Flags before the age of 3 months.

• Lack of Eye Contact

  Infants often make eye contact with their caregivers by 2 months of age. If your infant is not turning their head while you are speaking, or singing and he or she doesn’t respond or moves then please see your doctor.

• Absence of Social Smiles

  At 3 months of age, many infants will start smiling, most infants smile in response to their caregivers’ voice. If an infant does not show social smiles, it may indicate difficulty with social interaction.

• Response to Sounds

  Infants with autism may not respond to loud noises or voices as expected. A lack of startle response to sounds could be a red flag.

• lack of joint attention

  infants typically look for their caregivers and try to imitate their caregivers’ behaviors.

• Minima babblingl or No Cooing

  Cooing is an early form of communication. Infants typically begin cooing by 2 months. If the child is not emitting cooing sounds, it may be a sign of delayed communication development.

Red Flags to Watch for Before 6 Months

• Lack of Joint Attention

  Joint attention refers to the ability to share focus on an object or event with another person. If an infant does not follow a caregiver’s gaze or point to show interest in objects by 6 months, it may be a red flag.

• Limited or No Babbling

  By 6 months, most infants begin to babble, making repetitive sounds like "ba-ba" or "da-da." A lack of babbling can be an early indicator of communication delays associated with autism.

• Unusual Sensory Responses

  Some infants with autism may have unusual reactions to sensory stimuli, such as being overly sensitive to light, sound, or touch, or not responding to sensory input at all.

• Limited Interest in Social Interactions

  If an infant does not show interest in social games, such as peek-a-boo, or does not engage with caregivers during play, it may be a sign of autism.

• Delayed Motor Skills

  While motor delays are not exclusive to autism, some infants with autism may show delays in reaching motor milestones, such as rolling over, sitting up, or grasping objects.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Early intervention is crucial for children with autism. Research has shown that children who receive early, intensive interventions, such as ABA or play-based therapies, have better outcomes in communication, social skills, and adaptive behavior.

Parents should not wait if they notice any of the red flags mentioned above. If you suspect your child may have autism, it is important to consult with a pediatrician or a specialist as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and intervention can make a significant difference in your child’s development.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a condition that is life long and requires acceptance, understanding and individualized treatments. Although there is currently no cure for autism, various therapies, including ABA in the naturalistic setting has proven effective for teaching functional language and functional socially appropriate behaviors.

It is important for parents/ caregivers to look out for early signs of autism as early intervention has proven to be the most effective means for learning new skills (Estes,et al 2014) . It is essential for parents to observe their child’s development, note important milestones and seek ABA treatment as early as 3 months of age. Overall, during the first 6 months watch for eye contact, smiling babbling, and joint attention. Recognizing the early red flags of autism creates the right time for intervention, which is important or improving long-term outcomes.

Thusthe individual diagnosed with autism should be integrated 100% in the community, and treatment must focus on increasing functional skills which allows the individual to live independently in society.

REFERENCE LIST

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3. Howlin, P., Magiati, I., & Charman, T. (2009). Systematic review of early intensive behavioral interventions for children with autism. *American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 114*(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1352/2009.114:23;ndidebb1209b3
4. Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Harrower, J. K., & Carter, C. M. (1999). Pivotal Response Intervention I: Overview of Approach. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(3), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.2511/rpsd.24.3.174
5. Rogers, S. J., & Dawson, G. (2010). The Early Start Denver Model: A proof of concept of an early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. *Pediatrics, 125*(1), e17-e23. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0958
6. Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. I. (1993). Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioral treatment. *American Journal of Mental Retardation, 97*(4), 359-391. https://doi.org/10.1352/1987.26:359-391
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8. Vanger, P. (1987). An assessment of social skills deficiencies in depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 28(6), 508–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440x(87)90016-2